SAP ABAP interview question and answers part 5

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41. Have you used performance tuning? What major steps will you use for these?
Ans - First of all tunning can be done. In three ways: disk i/o ,sql tunning , memory tunning, Before tunning u have to get the status of your database using Oracle utility called statpack , tkprof, then you should go for tunning.

42. What is lock object ?
Ans - Lock Objects used to synchornize access of several users using same data.

43.What is Tcode SE16. For what is it used. Explain briefly?
Ans - SE16 is a T-code for object browser.
Generally used to search the fields of SAP Tables . and respective data.

44.What is a batch input session?
Ans - BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name behind it, and how next screen is processed.

45.What are the events in ABAP/4 language?
Ans- Initialization, At selection-screen, Start-of-selection, end-of-selection, top-of-page, end-of-page, At line-selection, At user-command, At PF, Get, At New, At LAST, AT END, AT FIRST.

46.What are internal tables?
Ans - Internal tables are a standard data type object which exists only during the runtime of the program. They are used to perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organizing the contents of database tables according to users need.

47.What is an ABAP/4 Query?
Ans - ABAP/4 Query is a powerful tool to generate simple reports without any coding. ABAP/4 Query can generate the following 3 simple reports:
Basic List: It is the simple reports. Statistics: Reports with statistical functions like Average, Percentages. Ranked Lists: For analytical reports. - For creating a ABAP/4 Query, programmer has to create user group and a functional group. Functional group can be created using with or without logical database table. Finally, assign user group to functional group. Finally, create a query on the functional group generated.

48.What is CTS and what do you know about it?
Ans - The Change and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development projects in the ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between the SAP Systems and clients in your system landscape. This documentation provides you with an overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and essential information on setting up your system and client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow this documentation when planning your development project.

49.How to upload data using CATT ?
Ans - These are the steps to be followed to Upload data through CATT: Creation of the CATT test case & recording the sample data input. Download of the source file template. Modification of the source file. Upload of the data from the source file.

50.When do we use End-of-selection?
Ans - End-of-selection event are mostly used when we are writing HR-ABAP code. In the HR-ABAP code, data is retrived in the Start-of-selection event and Printing on the list and all will be done in End-of-selection event.

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SAP ABAP interview question and answers part 4

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31. What type of user exits have you written?
Ans - there are four types
1.function exit
2.menu exit
3.screen exit.
4.field exit.

32.What is difference between dialog program and a report?
Ans - Report is a excecutable program
Dialog is a module pool program.It has to be executed via a transaction only.
Dialog programming is used for customization off screens

33.What is Smart Forms?
Ans - Smart Forms allows you to create forms using a graphical design tool with robust functionality, color, and more. Additionally, all new forms developed at SAP will be created with the new Smart Form solution.

34.What are the components of SAP scripts?
Ans - SAP scripts is a word processing tool of SAP which has the following components: Standard text. It is like a standard normal documents. Layout sets. - Layout set consists of the following components: Windows and pages, Paragraph formats, Character formats. Creating forms in the R/3 system. Every layout set consists of Header, paragraph, and character string. ABAP/4 program.
35.What are indexes?
Ans- Indexes are described as a copy of a database table reduced to specific fields. This data exists in sorted form. This sorting form ease fast access to the field of the tables. In order that other fields are also read, a pointer to the associated record of the actual table are included in the index. The indexes are activated along with the table and are created automatically with it in the database.

36.In the ‘select’ statement what is “group by”?
Ans - Group by clause is used to fetch the data from the table by the specified field ex.select count (*) from emptable group by deptno where deptno = 1.
It is used to find the number of employees present in the specified department no.

37.What are the different types of data dictionary objects?
Ans - Data Dictionary Objects
* Tables
* Views
* Domain
* Data Element
* Type Groups
* Search Helps/Matchcode Objects
* Lock objects
* Structures
* Table Types

38.How can you debug a script form?
Ans - SE71 -> give the form name -> utilities -> activate debugger

39.How data is stored in cluster table?
Ans- A cluster table conatins data from mulitple DDIC tables. It stores data as a name value pair ( varkey, vardata)

40.What is the use of pretty printer ?
Ans - Exactly where can we link the functional module to abap coding.

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SAP ABAP interview question and answers part 3

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21.What is Cardinality of a context node?
Ans - Cardinality simply indicates the minimum and the maximum no. of entries the node can have.
The 4 cardinalities are 0:1, 0:n, 1:1, and 1:n .

22.What is an Assistance class in webdynpro ABAP? Where do you define an assistance class? How many assistance classes can a webdynpro component have?
Ans - Assistance class helps you achieve two things:
1) Segregation of business specific logic (one of the purpose of MVC).
2) Performance benefit.

23.What is lead selection? Is it an event?
Ans - Yes , the lead selection is an event in web dynpro.
At run time a context node may contain many records , but only one of those is selected .
The user can select any record from the Table/ALV and this selection is called lead selection.
Lead selection in web dynpro
Lead Selection in Web Dynpro

24.What is hotspot?
Ans - Hotspot is an area on the list where the mouse pointer turns into an upright hand symbol. A single click on the hotspot does the same thing as a double-click.
25.Can we set page headers to details lists?
Ans - Yes. Use TOP-OF-PAGE DURING LINE-SELECTION event.

26.What are the events in classical reports?
Ans - INITIALIZATION
         AT SELECTION-SCREEN
         START-OF-SELECTION
         END-OF-SELECTION
         TOP-OF-PAGE
         END-OF-PAGE

27.What is the difference between SKIP and NEW-LINE?
Ans - SKIP generates a blank line, while the NEW-LINE causes the control to move to next line.

28.What is a report?
Ans - Report is a program used to fetch data from the database tables and display it on the screen. It has 2 screens selection screen(optional) and list or output screen.

29.What is the difference between Table and Template?
Ans- table is a dynamic and template is a static

30.What are different ABAP/4 editors? What are the differences?
Ans - The 2 editors are se38 and se80 both have the abap editor in place. In se38 you can go create programs and view online reports and basically do all thedevelopmet of objects in this editor. In se80 ( object navigator) there are additional features such as creating packages,module pool , function group ,classes, programs ( where you can create ur programs) and BSP applications.

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SAP ABAP interview question and answers part 2

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11.What is a work process?
Ans - A work process is where individual dialog steps are actually processed and the work is done. Each work process handles one type of request.

12. What are the roll and page areas?
Ans - Roll and page areas are SAP R/3 buffers used to store user contexts (process requests). The SAP dispatcher assigns process requests to work processes as they are queued in the roll and page areas. Paging area holds data from the application programs. Roll area holds data from previous dialog steps and data that characterize the user.

13. How many types of Views are there?
Ans - • Database View
         • Help View
         • Projection View
         • Maintenance View

14. What is database utility?
Ans - Database utility is the interface between the ABAP/4 Dictionary and the underlying the SAP system.

15. How can we create callable modules of program code within one ABAP/4 program?
Ans - • By defining Macros.
         • By creating include programs in the library.

16. Name the function modules to read data from Presentation Server into an Internal Table.
Ans - UPLOAD and WS_UPLOAD.

17.What is full form of BDC Session?
Ans - Batch Data Communication Session.

18. What are the types of Subroutines?
Ans - • Internal Subroutines: The source code of the internal subroutines will be    in the same ABAP/4 program as the calling procedure (internal call).
         • External Subroutines: The source code of the external subroutines will be in an ABAP/4 program other than the calling
            procedure.

19. What are the aggregate objects in the Dictionary?
Ans - • Views
         • Match Code.
         • Lock Object.

20. What are the two levels in defining a Match Code?
Ans - • Match Code Object.
         • Match Code Id.

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SAP ABAP interview question and answers part 1

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1. What is SAP dispatcher?
Ans - SAP dispatchers is the control agent that manages the resources for the R/3 applications.

2. What are the two ways for restricting the value range for a domain?
Ans - • By specifying fixed values.
         • By stipulating a value table.

3. What is Repository Info. Systems?
Ans - It is a tool with which you can make data stored in the ABAP/4 Dictionary available.

4.What are subroutines?
Ans - Subroutines are program modules, which can be called from other ABAP/4 programs or within the same program.

5.Hotspots are special areas of an output list used to trigger events. True or false?
Ans - TRUE.

6.What are the different database integrities?
Ans - • Semantic Integrity.
         • Relational Integrity.
         • Primary Key Integrity.
         • Value Set Integrity.
         • Foreign Key integrity and
         • Operational integrity.

7. How do you find the information on the current screen?
Ans - The information on the current screen can be found by SYSTEM

8. What does the extract statement do in extract datasets?
Ans - The data is written to virtual memory by extract commands.

9. What are the basic objects of the data dictionary?
Ans - • Tables
         • Domains
         • Data elements
         • Structures
         • Foreign Keys

10. What are the layers of data description in R/3?
Ans - • The external layer.
         • The ABAP/4 layer.
         • The database layer.

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Informatica interview questions and answers part 7

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45. How does the recovery mode work in informatica?
 Ans - In case of load failure an entry is made in OPB_SERV_ENTRY(?) table from where the extent of loading can be determined.

46.How do you measure session performance?
Ans -This can be done by check marking Collect performance Data check box.

47.Can we use Reusable Sequence Generator transformation in Mapplet?
Ans - No this cannot be done.

48.What is the difference between Filter transformation and Router transformation?
Ans - Filter transformation drops the data that do not meet the condition while latter captures the data even though the condition is not met and saves it in Default output group.

49.What is SQL override?
Ans - SQL override means overriding SQL in source qualifier or lookup for additional logic.

50.What are the types of data movement in Informatica server?
Ans - The two types of modes in Informatica are s below -
         1.Ascii mode    2. Unicode mode

51.How can PL/SQL script can be executed from Informatica mapping?
Ans - Stored Procedure transformation can be used to execute PL/SQL Scripts from informatica mapping.

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Informatica interview questions and answers part 6

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38.What are Stored Procedure transformation?

Ans- Stored Procedure transformation is an Passive & Connected or UnConnected transformation. It is useful to automate time-consuming tasks and in error handling, to drop and recreate indexes.

39. What is a source qualifier?

Ans- Source Qualifier represents the rows that the PowerCenter Server reads from a relational or flat file source when it runs a session. 

40. How a transformation be defined?
Ans-  A transformation is a repository object that generates, modifies, and passes data. The Designer provides a set of transformations that perform specific functions 

41. What are different types of transformations available in Informatica?

Ans - Aggregator, Application Source Qualifier, Custom, External Procedure , Expression, Filter, Input, Joiner, Lookup, Normalizer, Output, Rank, Router,  Sequence Generator,  Sorter, Stored Procedure , Source Qualifier ,   Transaction Control,    Update Strategy,  Union,  XML Source Qualifier ,  XML Generator,  XML Parser

42.What is Surrogate Key?
Ans - Surrogate key is a key that is maintained within the data warehouse instead of key taken from source data systems.

43. What are the types of OLAP?

Ans - 1. ROLAP (Relational OLAP) 2. MOLAP (Multidimensional OLAP) 3. HOLAP (Hybrid OLAP)

44. What is ROLAP

Ans ROLAP stands for Relational OLAP. Users see their data organised in cubes and dimensions but the data is stored in RDBMS.

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Informatica interview questions and answers part 5

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31. What is a target load order?
Ans: Target load order is specified on the basis of source qualifiers in a mapping. In case if there are multi-fold source qualifiers linked to different targets then one can entitle order in which informatica server loads data into targets.

32.What is power center repository?
Ans -The PowerCenter repository is used to share metadata across repositories to create a data mart domain.

33.What is fact table?

Ans -Fact table is the centralised table in a star schema.

34. What are the different types of fact tables?

Ans - Fact tables are of three types
    1. Additive
    2. Non-additive

    3. Semi additive

35. How can you define user defied event?

Ans - User defined event is a flow of tasks in the workflow. Events can be created and then raised as needed.

36.What is reusable transformation?
A. Reusable transformations can be used multiple times in a mapping. The reusable transformation is stored as a metadata separate from any other mapping that uses the transformation.

37.What is Dual table?

Ans - It is a table that is created by oracle along with data dictionary. 

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Informatica interview questions and answers part 4

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24. In how many ways can you add ports?
Ans - Ports can be added using 2 ways

• From other transformation
• Click on add port button

25.What are the two modes of data movement in Informatica Server?
Ans - There are 2 modes of data movement in informatica server 1. Normal Mode 2. Bulk Mode

26. What is Normal mode of data movement in Informatica Server?

Ans -  Normal Mode is a mode in which for every record a separate DML statement is prepared and executed.

27.  What is Normal mode of data movement in Informatica Server?

Ans - Bulk Mode s a mode in which for multiple records DML statement is prepared and executed thus improves performance.

28.What is the use of target designer?

Ans - target designer is used to create Target Definition.

29.What are the different types of Lookup Cache?
Ans - Following are the different types of lookup cache

• Recache from database
• Static cache
• Shared cache
• Dynamic cache
• Persistent cache

30.What are the two types of processes that run the session?
Ans - The two types of processes that run the session are
         1.Load Manager
         2. Data Transformation Manager processes

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Informatica interview questions and answers part 3

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15. What are the differences between varchar and varchar2?
Ans - They are both variable length data types. Varchar datatype has a size of 2000 bytes and varchar2 has a size of 4000 bytes. varchar is in ascii format while varchar2 is in unicode format

16. How can repository reports be accessed without SQL or other transformations?

Ans: There is no need of SQL or other transformation since it is a web app. Repository reports are established by metadata reporter.

17. What is the difference between global index and local index?
Ans - Global index is a single index covering all partitions and local index has separate index for each partition.

18.What is Rank transformation?
Ans - Rank transformation is an Active and Connected transformation. It is used to select the top or bottom rank of data.

 

19.What are Normaliser transformation?

Ans -  Normaliser Transformation is an Active and Connected transformation. It is used with COBOL sources where most of the time data is stored in denormalised format. It can be used to create multiple rows from a single row of data.

21.What are the features of complex mapping?
Ans - Difficult requirements,Many numbers of transformations,Complex business logic

22.What is Session?
Ans - A session is a group of commands that describes the server to move data to the target.
 

23. What is a Batch?

Batch: A Batch is group of tasks that includes one or more number of tasks.

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Informatica interview questions and answers part 2

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8.What are the types of data warehouses?
Ans - Following are the different types of data warehouses

• Data Mart 
• ODS (operational data store)  
• Enterprise Data Warehouse

9.What are the different types of metadata that stores in repository?
Ans - The different types of metadata that stores in repository are Source definition, Target definition, Mappings,Transformations and Mapplet.

10.What are an Expression transformation?
Ans- Expression transformation is a Passive and Connected transformation. It can be used to calculate values in a single row before writing to the target.

11.What are the differences between OLTP and OLAP?

Ans - Following are the differences    
    OLTP focuses on day to day transaction. OLTP gives Data Stability, it is dynamic and highly normalized.

    OLAP is static until it is refreshed, it is demoralized. OLAP focuses on future predictions and decisions

12.What is aggregated cache?
Ans - Aggregate cache is a temporary memory location that stores the input data values when the aggregation calculation is being carried out.

13.Why do we need to reinitialize aggregate cache?
Ans - It is needed to remove the previous data present in the aggregate cache and so that it can be used by the new source.

14.What is Dimension Table?
 Ans - It contains data used to reference data stored in the fact table. Has Fewer rows,Primarily character data,One primary key and Updatable data.

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Informatica interview questions and answers part 1

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1. What is an update strategy ?

Ans -  Informatica processes the data in a row-by-row manner. Every row is marked to be inserted in the target table (this is default behaviour). If the row has to be updated or inserted on basis of any logic then update Strategy transformation should be used. The logical condition can be specified in Update Strategy to specify the processed row for update or insert as desired.

2. What are the options available for update strategy in informatica?

Ans - Following are the strategy option available:

0 = DD_INSERT

1 = DD_UPDATE

2 = DD_DELETE

3 = DD_REJECT

3. What are the difference between  data warehouse ,data mart and database?

Ans - In Data warehouse there are assortments of all sorts of data. Here data is brought out only depending on the customer needs. Database includes a set of sensibly affiliated data which is normally small in size as compared to data warehouse. Datamart is a set of data which is designed to serve the desires of different domains.

4. What are the different threads in a DTM process?

Ans - Following are the 5 threads in DTM process

• Writer thread
• Reader thread
• Pre and post session threads 
• Mapping thread
• Master thread

5. What are the different types of groups in Router Transformation?

Ans There are three different types of groups in Router Transformation as below

• Input group
• Output group
• Default group

6. How are  Router and Filter transformations similar?

Ans - Both Filter and Router transformation are Active transformations.They are used to filter the data based on condition. Both Filter and Router transformation are connected.

7. What is a mapplet?
Ans-  A Mapplet is a reusable object that can be created from mapplet designer. It contains set of transformations and it allows us to reuse that transformation logic in multiple mappings.

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